![]() ![]() Richard Nixon, speaking at a Shanghai banquet shortly after the issuing of the communiqué, May 27, 1972 The communiqué stated that the normalization of relations would contribute "to the relaxation of tension in Asia and the world." Legacy Ĭommuniqué is not nearly as important as what we will do in the years ahead to build aīridge across 16,000 miles and 22 years of hostility which have divided us in the past." ![]() The communiqué also included wishes to expand the economic and cultural contacts between the two nations, although no concrete steps were mentioned. The agreed Chinese translation renders "acknowledges" as cheng ren (承认), which connotes recognition and acceptance. The use of the word "acknowledge" rather than "accept" is often cited as an example of the United States' ambiguous position regarding the future of Taiwan. The United States formally acknowledged that "all Chinese on either side of the Taiwan Strait maintain there is but one China". The finished communiqué was signed on the evening of Februat the Jinjiang Hotel in Shanghai. Working with Qiao Guanhua, Kissinger resolved the disagreement on February 26 by removing all language pertaining to treaties. Then Secretary of State William Rogers and diplomat Marshall Green rejected Nixon and Kissinger's intentional lack of mention of the Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty signed with Taiwan in 1955, claiming that the absence was a betrayal of a close ally. The communiqué at that point had recognized the security treaties the United States had entered with Japan and South Korea. On February 25, disagreements over the contents of the communiqué arose within the American delegation. Zhou was somewhat responsive towards specific offers from Kissinger for aid in early warning detection. Mao, when updated on Zhou Enlai's meetings with the American delegation, continued to be skeptical of the helpfulness of the security proposals. : 173–175 Nixon's visit ĭuring the February 1972 visit, the narrative of shared Sino-American interests in counteracting the Soviet Union were repeated numerous times by Nixon and Kissinger. However, they believed that Haig's statements reflected a genuine desire from the United States for détente. Zhou and Mao Zedong both viewed the remarks as disingenuous and ignorant of Chinese defense capabilities. Informed by the 1969 Sino-Soviet border conflict, Haig emphasized the border threat that the Soviet Union posed to China and argued that there was a significant mutual interest between the United States and China in information sharing and otherwise militarily countering the Soviet Union. : 160–161įurther negotiations over the communiqué took place with White House Chief of Staff General Alexander Haig representing the United States while preparing in China a month prior to Nixon's visit. This move towards an honest representation of relations impressed Kissinger, who increasingly held a favorable view on Chinese leadership. Kissinger was initially interested in drafting a communiqué that only mentioned the mutual interests between the United States and China, but Zhou sought to include disagreements between their respective states in order to create a more meaningful document. Kissinger's secret visits involved seven drafts over the contents of the Shanghai Communiqué. ![]() Kissinger did not use translators from the State Department due to concerns of leaking. Premier Zhou Enlai served as the Chinese liaison in the negotiations, with whom Kissinger had 25 hours of documented meetings. National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger was sent to China for secret diplomatic missions in 1971, which included early deliberations over the communiqué and planning for Richard Nixon to visit the country. The Joint Communiqué of the United States of America and the People's Republic of China, also known as the Shanghai Communiqué (1972), was a diplomatic document issued by the United States of America and the People's Republic of China on February 27, 1972, on the last evening of President Richard Nixon's visit to China. Zhōnghuá rénmín gònghéguó hé měilìjiān hézhòngguó liánhé gōngbào The hall at Jinjiang Hotel, site of the signing of the communiqué. ![]()
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